Issue 142: The Wudhu performed with impure water is void, although one does not know or has forgotten about its being impure, and if they have said their prayer with that Wudhu, they must perform it again with a correct and valid Wudhu.

Issue 143: The Wudhu performed with Mudhaf water is void, but if one did not know or had forgotten about its being Mudhaf, and then they performed their Wudhu with that, their Wudhu would be valid.

Issue 144: The water used for performing Wudhu must be legally permissible to use. So, in the following cases Wudhu will be void:

1. Performing Wudhu with the water whose owner has not consented to the use of it and their disagreement is obvious.

2. Performing Wudhu with the water whose owner’s consent we are not certain about.

3. Performing Wudhu with the water which has been dedicated exclusively to particular people is not permissible for others. For instance, one can not perform Wudhu in the pool dedicated to the students of a school or at the Wudhu room of a mosque which has been dedicated exclusively to the people who say prayers there.

Issue 145: Performing Wudhu in canals and streams is not forbidden, even if one does not know whether the owner consents to it. But if the owner does not consent to the use of that water, the obligatory precaution is to avoid performing Wudhu with that water.

Issue 146: If the water for performing Wudhu is in a usurped container, and there is no other source of water available, one must perform Tayammum and if they perform their Wudhu with that water, it will be void if it is an Irtimasi Wudhu (immersion of the parts involved in Wudhu in water), and if with the intention of Wudhu they pour water on their body with the container or by taking some handfuls of water out of that container and thus perform their Wudhu, they have committed a sin, but their Wudhu is not void. However, it is a recommended precaution to perform the Wudhu again.

Issue 147: The parts of the body involved in Wudhu, i.e., face, hands and feet must be pure while washing and wiping.

Issue 148: If parts of the body other than the ones involved in Wudhu are impure, Wudhu will be valid. But if anus or the urinary outlet is impure, it is better to purify it first and then perform Wudhu.

Issue 149: If there is anything on the face or hands, which prevents water from reaching them, it must be removed before performing Wudhu.

Issue 150: If there is anything on the head or feet, it must be removed, even if it does not prevent water from reaching them, since there must not be anything intervening between the palm of the hand and the part to be wiped.

Issue 151: Ink, grease, cream, and paint stains (provided that the paint does not leave any incrustations) are not considered as intervening things, but if there is any incrustation on the skin, it must be removed first.

Issue 152: If one knows that there is something stuck to the parts involved in Wudhu, but they do not know whether it would prevent water from reaching that part, they must remove it, or make water reach underneath it.

Issue 153: the tasks of Wudhu must be done as follows:

One must first wash their face, then the right hand, then the left hand and then they must wipe their head and feet respectively. The obligatory precaution is that one must not wipe their left foot before the right one, but if they are both wiped at once, the Wudhu will be valid.

Issue 154: Muwallaat refers to the tasks of Wudhu being done one after the other without any time gap.

Issue 155: If the time gap between the tasks of Wudhu is so long that when one washes or wipes one part, the wetness of the preceding washed or wiped parts has dried up, the Wudhu will be void.

Issue 156: If after performing Wudhu, one finds something on the parts involved in Wudhu which prevents water from reaching them and they do not know whether it was present at the time of Wudhu or whether it has appeared later, their Wudhu will be valid.

Issue 157: One, who can perform Wudhu him or herself, must not receive any help from others. So, if someone else washes their face and hands or wipes their head for them, their Wudhu will be void.

Issue 158: one who can not perform Wudhu him or herself must perform it with the help of someone else, but they must make the intention (Niyyat) themselves.

Issue 159: If a person can not perform Wudhu themselves, they must appoint someone to assist them, and if that person demands any payment for what they do, they must be paid, provided one can afford; but the intention of performing Wudhu must be made by them themselves, and they must do the wiping using their own hands if possible. Otherwise the assistant may help them move their hands and do the wiping and if this is also impossible for them, their assistant must do the wiping using the wetness of the palms of the person being helped themselves.

Issue 160: Wudhu must be performed with the intention of Qurbah, that is, they must perform it to obey the order of God and it is not necessary to verbalize the intention (Niyyat) or mentally notice it, because intention here refers to the drive and desire to do something to worship and obey Allah, and it suffices that they know they are performing Wudhu so that if they were asked what they were doing they would say they were performing Wudhu.

Issue 161: If the time is so short that by performing Wudhu, the entire prayer or a part of it will have to be offered after its time, one must perform Tayammum, but if they feel that the time required for performing Tayammum would be the same length as the time for Wudhu, they must perform Wudhu.

Q162: If after performing ablutions or ritual bathing (Wudhu or Ghusl), a person doubts whether they have done some parts of it or have completed it, then what will the verdict be on such ablutions or ritual bathing?

A: They must ignore their doubt, because it is a case of Feragh and Tajavoz (doubting the correctness of an action after it is done).